Question: water is to be boiled at an elevation of 1500...

      Water is to be boiled at an elevation of 1500 m where the atmospheric pressure is 84.53 kPa. The boiling is carried out in stainless steel pan with a 30 cm diameter. The pan is placed on top of a 3-kW electric burner. If 60% of the heat generated by the burner is transferred to the water during boiling determine the temperature of the inner surface of the bottom of the pan.                                   (Ans: 101.6^oC)

Additional data and information:

Forster-Zuber correlation:

 

Where:

h_NB = nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient (W m⁻² K⁻¹).

k_L = thermal conductivity of the liquid (W m⁻¹ K⁻¹).

C_p,L = specific heat capacity of the liquid (J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹).

ρ_L = density of liquid (kg m⁻³).

σ = surface tension (N m⁻¹).

µ_L = viscosity of the liquid (N s m⁻²).

ΔH_vap = enthalpy of vaporization (J kg⁻¹).

ρ_v = density of vapour (kg m⁻³).

ΔT_e = excess temperature (K).

P_s = vapour pressure of liquid at surface temperature T_s (Pa).

P_sat = saturation vapour pressure of liquid (Pa).

The following data are for water at 84.53 kPa and 95°C:

k_L =  0.678 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹

C_p,L = 4212 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹

ρ_L = 961.5 kg m⁻³

σ = 0.0599 N m⁻¹

µ_L = 0.297x10⁻³ N s m⁻²

ΔH_vap = 2270x10³ J kg⁻¹

ρ_v = 0.50 kg m⁻³

P_s = 101x10³ Pa

P_sat = 84.53x10³ Pa

 

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